They derive from the Proto-Germanic theonym * Austrō(n), itself a descendant of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) * h₂ews-reh₂- (cf. The theonyms Ēostre or * Ēastre ( Old English) and * Ôstara ( Old High German) are cognates – linguistic siblings stemming from a common origin. Ēostre and Ostara are sometimes referenced in modern popular culture and are venerated in some forms of Germanic neopaganism. Particularly prior to the discovery of the matronae Austriahenae and further developments in Indo-European studies, debate has occurred among some scholars about whether or not the goddess was an invention of Bede. Theories connecting Ēostre with records of Germanic Easter customs, including hares and eggs, have been proposed.
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Additionally, scholars have linked the goddess's name to a variety of Germanic personal names, a series of location names ( toponyms) in England, and, discovered in 1958, over 150 inscriptions from the 2nd century CE referring to the matronae Austriahenae.
As the Germanic languages descend from Proto-Indo-European (PIE), historical linguists have traced the name to a Proto-Indo-European goddess of the dawn * H₂ewsṓs, from which descends the Common Germanic divinity at the origin of Ēostre and Ôstara. Ēostre is attested solely by Bede in his 8th-century work The Reckoning of Time, where Bede states that during Ēosturmōnaþ (the equivalent of April), pagan Anglo-Saxons had held feasts in Ēostre's honour, but that this tradition had died out by his time, replaced by the Christian Paschal month, a celebration of the resurrection of Jesus.īy way of linguistic reconstruction, the matter of a goddess called * Austrō(n) in the Proto-Germanic language has been examined in detail since the foundation of Germanic philology in the 19th century by scholar Jacob Grimm and others. By way of the Germanic month bearing her name (Northumbrian: Ēosturmōnaþ West Saxon: Ēastermōnaþ Old High German: Ôstarmânoth), she is the namesake of the festival of Easter in some languages. Ēostre ( Old English: * Ēastre, Northumbrian dialect Ēastro, Mercian dialect and West Saxon dialect (Old English) Ēostre Old High German: *Ôstara Old Saxon * Āsteron) is a West Germanic spring goddess. Germanic people look up at the goddess from the realm below. The goddess flies through the heavens surrounded by Roman-inspired putti, beams of light, and animals.
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